Appearance Discrimination in Employment - 22039 Words

Appearance discrimination in employment: Legal and ethical implications of â€Å"lookism† and â€Å"lookphobia† [pic] http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?issn=2040-7149volume=32issue=1articleid=17077304show=html Downloads: The fulltext of this document has been downloaded 1519 times since 2013 DOI (Permanent URL): 10.1108/02610151311305632 [pic] Abstract [pic] View PDF (200kb) [pic] Print View References †¢ References (67) Citations †¢ CrossRef (1) Further reading †¢ Related Content Search our articles for similar content †¢ Key readings Search our reviews for related items Marked list Top of Form Add to marked list: [pic][pic] Bottom of Form Bookmark share†¦show more content†¦Citigroup Inc (2010) by a former Citibank employee claiming that she was terminated for being â€Å"too hot† according to her filed complaint. Following this introduction section, the authors first provide some background material as to societal norms concerning â€Å"attractiveness,† the existence of appearance discrimination in society, especially regarding employment, and the presence of a certain â€Å"preferring the pretty† norm, and consequently discrimination against less attractive people. The next section of the paper is the legal environment, wherein the authors initially discuss the fundamental employment law doctrine in the USA – employment at-will; and then the authors examine important civil rights laws – Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA), and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) – and show how these laws relate to appearance discrimination in the narrow sense examined herein of â€Å"attractiveness.† In the analysis of Title VII, the authors define and differentiate, a â€Å"disparate treatment† discrimination case from a â€Å"disparate impact† one. The authors also explain two important defenses to Title VII civil rights lawsuits – the â€Å"business necessity† test and the bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ) doctrine – and demonstrateShow MoreRelated Looks, Beauty, Appearance Discrimination in Employment Essay1309 Words   |  6 Page s Appearance Discrimination in Employment Employment discrimination legislation has evolved to include race, disabilities, sexual harassment of either gender, and age. In lieu of this evolution and an increasing trend toward equality for all individuals in the workplace, the time has come for the protective reach of employment discrimination law to cover ugliness. While the proposal may cause titters at first, evidence exists that discrimination based on looks (or physical appearance) occursRead MoreBeauty Is In The Eyes Of The Beholder: The Fight Against Appearance Based Workplace Discrimination1701 Words   |  7 Pages Discrimination happens all around us, and in many different forms. When it comes to being employed, there are laws in place to protect us against certain methods of discrimination. According to a website used by many lawyers, businesses, and individuals, discrimination is â€Å"Unfair treatment or denial of normal privileges to persons because of their race, age, sex, nationality or religion† (â€Å"Discrimination†). However, there is nothing specifically to protect us when it comes to our appearance. AsRead MoreThe Impact Of Globalization On The Workplace Environments Of Different Cultures Essay1710 Words   |  7 PagesThus, judgements based on looks are completely tolerated, as aesthetic discrimination is arguably not abusive. Iranian scholar Zahra Ghordati notes in her recent publication, â€Å"The Influence of Globalization on ‘Lookism’ in Workplace Environments of Different Cultures†, that â€Å"individuals should be free to discriminate on t he basis of their own values. This means that institutions are free to enact policies that prohibit discrimination against or benefit in some way those who are aesthetically less fortunate†Read MoreEssay on Discrimination in America1155 Words   |  5 Pagessome sort of discrimination. Discrimination can be defined as treating people differently, negatively or adversely without having a good reason. It is an act making distinction in favor of or against a person based on their group, class or category. There are four major types of discrimination which are gender discrimination, racial and ethnic discrimination, age discrimination and disability discrimination. The first type of discrimination is gender discrimination. Gender discrimination involvesRead MoreU.s. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Essay1248 Words   |  5 PagesU.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) holds the responsibility of enforcing federal laws that make it illegal to discriminate against a job applicant or an employee based on a person’s race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy, gender identity and sexual orientation, national origin, age (40 or older), disability and/or genetic information (U.S. EEOC, 2016a). The EEOC laws cover most employers with at least fifteen employees as well as labor unions and employment agencies (URead MoreWorkplace Discrimination : Discrimination And Discrimination1588 Words   |  7 Pagestreat others with prejudice because of particular features they possess. Unfortunately, prejudice and discrimination occur even in places which, by definition, should be free of all personal prejudices – specific ally, in offices and other business surroundings. This tragedy is called workplace discrimination; not every unfair behavior at work, however, can be assessed as discrimination. Discrimination in the workplace happens when an employee experiences unfair treatment due to their race, gender, ageRead MoreEssay about Equal Employment Opportunity1004 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Equal employment opportunity (EEO) began when President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued Executive Order 8802 in 1941. Executive Order 8802 ensured that every American citizen was guaranteed equal employment opportunities in World War II defense contracts, regardless of race, creed, color, or national origin. Today, the EEO legislation has affected businesses. The topics discussed will be, how the organization, as well as the individual employee, has rights, the effect it has on theRead MoreAppearance Discrimination in the United States875 Words   |  4 PagesDiscrimination based on appearance is a severe inequity and its impact is often more invidious than we can presume. Although it is not the most severe form of bias, the costs and disadvantages associated with appearance may necessitate some legal remedy or other societal response. Unfortunately, current legal frameworks are limited in prohibiting appearance discrimination and those established are so often ineffective. Government therefore does not have the means to mandate a change to this injusticeRead MoreBeauty is Harwired839 Words   |  4 PagesDiscrimination based on appearance is a severe inequity and its impact is often more invidious than we can presume. Although it is not the most severe form of bias, the costs and disadvantages associated with appearance may propose for some legal remedy or other societal response. Unfortunately, current legal frameworks are limited in prohibiting appearance discrimination and those established are so often ineffective. Government therefore does not have the means to mandate a change to this injusticeRead MoreRace, Sex, And Religious Discrimination1479 Words   |  6 Pagesmake a difference. Although laws have been put in place to end this, there are still many instances in which countless people are affected by modern day discrimination. Race, sex, and religious discrimination are arguable the three most prevalent forms of these issues still ongoing today. My assigned roundtable’s topic was on sex discrimination specifically. We were asked to focus the recent hiring practices of the Hooters restaurant chain. What was unique to this case was that men were the gender

Language Acquisition Of Language Development Essay

Language is perceived as the way humans communicate through the use of spoken words, it involves particular system and styles in which we interact with one another (Oxford 2009). Children’s acquisition of language has long been considered one of the uniquely defining characteristics of human behaviour. Even today, it is widely thought that children acquire their native language from the imitation of their parents, caregivers or the people in their daily environment. In this essay I will go through what the typical stages of language acquisition in children are, I will explain and show examples of cognitive disabilities and other difficulties in acquiring language, show the theories that explore how language is acquired and see if these theories account for children who are not cognitively impaired but who still do not acquire language. In nearly all cases, children s language development follows a predictable sequence. For example, at 6 - 8 months babbling occurs, 9 – 18 months a child is at a one-word stage or holophrastic stage, 18 - 24 months a two word stage and by 24 - 30 months they are at a telegraphic stage where they can form sentence. This is the case with most children however some children experience some difficulties in acquiring language. If a child has not spoken by the time they are 2years of age, it is advised that they be brought to a doctor to be assessed. The most common reason for late or deteriorating speech is a hearing problem. If this is not theShow MoreRelatedLanguage Acquisition And Language Development1543 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Our native language consists of a set of phonemes that we learn to discriminate during language acquisition. Infants are born with perceptual sensitivity for phonemes outside of their parents’ native language, which is a result of the fact that they have not yet practiced nor learned the phonetic rules of their language. These feature detectors for phonemes that are not used during language development will atrophy and the native phoneme feature detectors are retained (Eimas, 1975).Read MoreLanguage Acquisition and Development2253 Words   |  9 Pageschildren’s language acquisition and language development process to analyze the condition of Tom and provide some personal suggestions for his parents. The following statements are my analysis considering to the language theories proposed by researchers and a repercussion for my personal experience. Nature versus Nurture It was suggested in Chapter 2 that there are two theories regarding the language acquisition, nurture or nature. Most behaviorists suggested that the child develops language due toRead MoreBasic Language Skills and Language Acquisition and Development845 Words   |  3 PagesPERSONAL REFLECTION AND EXPERIENCE ON BASIC LANGUAGE SKILL USAGE As an education student currently pursuing the I.T. (Information Technology ) Education bachelors degree program, this program has brought to light various issues I had not been aware of regarding language acquisition and development. It is now, with this knowledge, easier to see the language development and acquisition path that I have been subconsciously on. As a child, up until 4 or 5 years old, I lived in MalawiRead MoreThe Acquisition, Development And Use Of Language927 Words   |  4 PagesThe acquisition, development and use of language is universal. It is pivotal in being able to communicate between others and is seen and heard in all cultures and countries. The notion that language is seen is undeniable, for example; language is seen in printed format such as advertisements, books, letters and lyrics. Printed language comprises of numbers, letters, symbols and pictures and can together or separately tell a story or communicate a message. Furthermore, language is observed throughRead MoreEssay on The Development of Language Acquisition2425 Words   |  10 PagesThe development of language acquisition in children begins in their first few years of life. â€Å"Human beings are born to speak (Genishi, 1998), with babies, children and even adults, frequently imitating, observing and listening to the various dialects that they are exposed too. The interaction and communication within the environment also plays an essential role in the development of language acquisition. The repetitive use of stories, books and the continual guidance of the adults in their livesRead MoreThe Characteristics of Language Acquisition and Development1422 Words   |  6 PagesCharacteristics of Language Acquisition and Development ECE315: Language Development in Young Children Instructor: Kara Bullock 1-24-11 Language ability starts even before birth and happens in every area of the child’s life. A child absorbs the language that is spoken in their environment with characteristics such as the tonal quality, the syntax, and the usages of that language. A child can learn languages which are spoken by their parents. The child absorbs the language that is mostRead MoreDevelopment And Acquisition Of Language Skills1038 Words   |  5 PagesThe development and acquisition of language skills in a child’s early years is critical to his/her development (Otto Otto, 2013). During a child’s first five years of life the brain goes through a sensitive period in regards to language development, making many synapses and connections that leads to communication (Otto Otto, 2013). There are many factors that contribute to the development of language such as innate neurobiological factors and cognitive capabilities (Sylvestre, Bussieres, BouchardRead MoreThe Ac quisition Of Language And Speech Development3415 Words   |  14 PagesThe acquisition of language and speech development takes place over a period from birth to around three years of age and in early childhood from the ages of four to six. The development is quick and passes through similar stages in all children not depending on the language that you acquire. The process of language development is therefore universal, namely the development of sounds to words and grammar of the language (Bates and Goodman, 2001). Critical periods of individual development stagesRead MoreBrain Research and Its Influence on Language Development and Acquisition2517 Words   |  11 PagesBrain Research and its Influence on Language Development and Acquisition Tasha Maxon Ashford University Language Development in Young Children ECE 315 Pilar Carroll August 23, 2010 Brain Research and its Influence on Language Development and Acquisition Language acquisition is one of the most fundamental human traits, and it is obviously the brain that undergoes the developmental changes (Sakai, 2005, p. 815-819). During the years of language acquisition, the brain not only stores linguisticRead MoreThe Acquisition Of Language As A Fundamental Basis For A Child s Development956 Words   |  4 Pages Conclusion The acquisition of language forms a fundamental basis for a child’s development, it is an essential social skill which children need for communicating, building relationships with others, and learning (Brock and Rankin, 2008). As a general rule acquisition of language follows a systematic sequence (Boyd and Bee, 2009), however some children experience atypical language development and are developmentally delayed with certain characteristics of language (Hawa and Spanoudis, 2013). In the

The Difference Between South Indian Culture And Australian Culture

Question: Discuss about the Difference Between South Indian Culture And Australian Culture. Answer: Introduction Culture refers to the uniqueness and information of a specific group of people, language, religion, cuisine, attire, social habits, music and arts (Connolly Harms, 2015). It can be defined as the social manner and interactive behavior found in the human society. Culture varies from one location to another and from one person or groups to the other. This essay will focus on the different aspects of culture and cultural diversity by contrasting between South Indian and Australian culture. The difference between South Indian culture and Australian culture will be discussed throughout this essay. The importance of culture on an individuals life will be highlighted as it influences the regular practices. Use of different theories will make the understanding of culture easy through this essay. Body: Personal cultural background I belong to a south Indian middle class family and respect my cultural values. The family values in my hometown are in total contrast to that of the western culture. There is huge diversity in culture and ethnicity, which is loved by everyone around the world. For educational purposes, I had to move to Australia where I am doing master degree in social work. While staying in Australia I had experienced cultural diversity, as I was accustomed to a different kind of life in India. My cultural perceptions have helped me in guiding behaviors, other expectations, attitudes, assumptions and values. As I belong to a middle class family, therefore my habits were grown as per the heredity of my ancestors. The reason behind this is that culture is learned and adopted among the generations. In my growing stages, I was not much aware about the cultural diversity as I was only confined to my hometown. When I moved to Australia, my preconceived notions started changing. I had an idea that caste system such as Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and the Shudras only exist in India. However, the discrimination in Australia was of a different kind. As they were white skin people, therefore they looked down upon the darker skin people and treated them as untouchables (Ife, 2012). The aboriginals and Torres Strait islanders are also humiliated in Australia due to their skin color and heritage. This was out of my expectation from the people of Australia and started changing my opinion about them. My cultural experience was enhanced and I had understood that the attitude of a common person makes the difference between the two cultures. I realized that in Australia people are more cooperative and show concern towards others unlike India (Mattsson, 2014). It might be that people in India are helpful too but they cannot be trusted. For instance, in India when a stranger came forward to help me when I as lost in the crowd, I could not trust him completely and thought that he has some wicked idea in his mind. The critical race theory can be discussed here as it evaluates the society and culture relative to the categorization of power, race and law. This theory has been used because it refers to the combined struggle for racial justice for future improvement. The most common form of argument about this theory is raised while defining the traits of race and racism. It aims to reveal the individual patterns of omission and the activities taken as granted for the privilege of race (Joseph Murphy, 2014). AASW code of ethics The profession of social work in Australia adheres to the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW) code of ethics. As it is mentioned about the family values, the code of ethics aims to promote social change and problem solving in human relationships and the empowerment and liberation of people to enhance well- being (Australian Association of Social Workers, 2010). It has helped me in enriching my experience and removing the assumptions that I had about the cultures of the world. As it is discussed earlier the code of ethics of AASW focuses on working and supporting people to attain the best feasible levels of personal and social well- being. In the cultural experience part, the supportive and caring nature of the Australian people is mentioned, which adheres to the AASW code of ethics. Earlier, few aboriginal and Torres Strait islanders took active part in the working of the Australian Association of Social Workers, but they had faced obstacles. It has led to a rough relationship between the social workers and the native Australians. An air of mistrust grew among the natives regarding the social workers. The social workers have followed the code of ethics to support and help people and address the injustice faced by them. For instance, the aboriginals were sometimes forced to do, as the dominant race in Australia wanted which included moving out from their home (Kolivoski, Weaver Constance-Huggins, 2014). The involvement of the social workers can be best related to Anti- oppressive theory, which surpasses the critical race theory. This particular theory is imbibed within the practice of social work and focuses on the reduction of socio-economic oppression; therefore, it is relevant to my work. However, there are ethical dilemmas in social work when there are people from different backgrounds working together (Laing Humphreys, 2013). Culture becomes a barrier such as in my case where a South Indian had to learn about the Australian culture while working as a social worker. Personal example I envisage a situation where my culturally- informed self had faced challenges. My thoughts about cultural diversity had changed while I started living in Australia. It is a country where diversity conveys different meanings. There are positive differences between the language groups and the cultural groups within the Australian community. I was not much aware of the fact that the people of Australia speak some more languages too other than English. Other common forms of languages used are Greek, Vietnamese, Italian, Mandarin, Arabic and Cantonese (Mattsson, 2014). I was laid back on my cultural knowledge about Australia, as I did not know about the basic languages spoken in that area. In such a critical situation, I took help of my fellow mates who were conversant in these languages to speak to the people. I understood that in order to remain in that place I have to make myself skilled in other native languages too. This is because in order to mingle with the ground level people one needs to be fluent in the native languages because English is only used for official purposes (Nelson, Price Zubrzycki, 2014). Theories There are a number of probable theories, which can be used in this case such as Critical race Theory, Empowerment Theory, Anti- oppressive theory, Trauma theory, Ecological theory and Intersectionality theory (Quinn, 2009). However, after considering the different factors it can be said that Anti- oppressive theory is best suited for this case. This is because the particular theory is a multi- knowledge approach implemented within the roots of social work practice to mitigate socio- economic oppression. For instance, I took a schizophrenic patient for a job interview with whom I was working. However, as soon as the company came to know about her illness they said that the vacancy was filled up. I protested at once and told them that the job of making tea and coffee has nothing to do with her illness. I had put all my effort in fighting for this situation of oppression but maintained the dignity of the person for whom I was fighting. Therefore, the case of cultural difference between the Australian natives and other foreign people is taken into consideration for focusing on the issue of racism. As per the code of ethics of AASW the practices of anti oppression has been produced in social work. It is an effort to increase the commitments of social justice and improve the outcome (Whitmore Wilson, 2005). The anti oppression practice can be considered as a lens which helps in understanding experience. The influence of this theory is strongest in Australia and it is still on the run of becoming stronger. Conclusion It can be concluded from this reflective report that the consistency in failing to address the issue of difference between the native Australian needs to be managed by the social workers. The activities of the workers are followed by the AASW code of ethics, which aim to support and work with people. The use of anti- oppressive theory is well recognized that the aboriginal communities need to be meaningful, ethical and effective in such a way that it is explained by the communities. After looking out for a number of theories, the anti- oppressive theory was considered relevant to the cultural mix of south India and Australia. This report has been made precise by putting instances, which made the concepts clear and easy. References Australian Association of Social Workers (2010). Code of Ethics, Canberra, ACT. Connolly, M., Harms, L. (2015).Social work: From theory to practice. Cambridge university press. Ife, J. (2012).Human rights and social work: Towards rights-based practice. Cambridge University Press. Joseph, S., Murphy, D. (2014). Trauma: A unifying concept for social work.The British Journal of Social Work,44(5), 1094-1109. Kolivoski, K., Weaver, A., Constance-Huggins, M. (2014). Critical race theory: Opportunities for application in social work practice and policy.Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services,95(4), 269-276. Laing, L., Humphreys, C. (2013).Social work and domestic violence: Developing critical and reflective practice. Sage. Mattsson, T. (2014). Intersectionality as a useful tool: Anti-oppressive social work and critical reflection.Affilia,29(1), 8-17. Nelson, D., Price, E., Zubrzycki, J. (2014). Integrating human rights and trauma frameworks in social work with people from refugee backgrounds.Australian Social Work,67(4), 567-581. Quinn, M. (2009). Towards anit-racist and culturally affirming practices. Whitmore, E., Wilson, M. (2005). Popular resistance to global corporate rule: the role of social work (with a little help from Gramsci and Freire).Globalisation, global justice and social work. Routledge, London, 189-206.